e Grantha Kuti

       Beyond the writeup: Issues with public health in India         Poor understanding: Public health is essentially multi-disciplinary and means different things to different people. Many have a poor understanding of it and they are not able to differentiate between public health as a discipline and the public health sector. Lack of specific competencies: It is common for heads of health services at national, state or district levels in India to be orthopaedic or cardiac surgeons or ophthalmologists who have no training in public health. This is because it is felt that public health does not require specific competencies. Qualification related issues: Historically in India, public health has been medicalised as it was largely a medical college-driven discipline. This has resulted in denying nursing, dental, and other health professionals to contribute more to public health.  Other challenges: India lacks affordable health care services...

 Three Judges cases                    (UPSC-CSE GS PAPER-2 POLITY) 1) The ‘First Judges Case’ (1981) ruled that the “consultation” with the CJI in the matter of appointments must be full and effective.            • However, it rejected the idea that the CJI’s opinion, albeit carrying great weight, should have       primacy. 2) The Second Judges Case (1993) introduced the Collegium system, holding that “consultation” really meant “concurrence”.            • It added that it was not the CJI’s individual opinion, but an institutional opinion formed in consultation with the two seniormost judges in the Supreme Court.  3) On a Presidential Reference for its opinion, the Supreme Court, in the Third Judges Case (1998) expanded the Collegium to a five-member body, comprising the CJI and four of his senior-most colleagues. •The President of India app...

 5 Things India Added to Universal Declaration of Human           Rights: 1) Women's rights:- India insisted 'men' be replaced with 'human beings'. 2) Non-discrimination:- India added 'color' and 'political opinion' as criteria for non-discrimination. 3) Freedom of movement:- India added the article calling for freedom of movement within a country. 4) The right to work:- India added the principle of 'just and favorable conditions of work' 5) Secularism, multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, indivisibility and the universality of all human rights.